Unveiling Hidden Features of Strongly Correlated Quantum Systems Through a Complex-Network Analysis

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/qute.202500414
• ArXiv number: 2411.13401

Complex networks provide a powerful framework for capturing the intricate correlations, topological features, and emergent behaviors in quantum systems, offering insights that traditional approaches may overlook. We introduce a density matrix-based network analysis to explore the ground state of the Kitaev chain, uncovering previously hidden structural and entanglement features. This approach successfully identifies the critical point associated with the topological phase transition and reveals a singular point where the ground state exhibits uniform, nonzero entanglement between all fermion pairs, corresponding to a fully connected network structure. We provide an analytical explanation for this singular behavior and establish a connection to the concept of ground state factorization observed in spin chains. Moreover, we analyze the open chain scenario and observe characteristic symmetry changes in the ground state corresponding to Majorana zero modes. While complex network theory has been employed in the study of quantum systems before, we demonstrate that it can uncover fundamentally new physical insights.

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