Pontus-Mpemba effect in cavity quantum electrodynamics

Longhi, Stefano
Physica A 695, 131640 (1-12) (2026)

The quantum Pontus-Mpemba effect is a counterintuitive phenomenon in which a quantum
system relaxes faster through a two-step evolution protocol than through a single, unquenched
relaxation. This work proposes its realization in cavity quantum electrodynamics using the
Jaynes-Cummings model with photon loss. The model captures the coherent interaction between
a two-level atom and a single quantized mode of a lossy cavity, providing a minimal yet realistic
setting to explore dissipative quantum dynamics. Restricting the analysis to the single-excitation
sector, the dynamics feature damped vacuum Rabi oscillations forweak dissipation that transition
to near-exponential atomic decay under strong dissipation. A sudden quench of the cavity
decay rate generates distinct relaxation trajectories from the same initial atom-cavity state. The
atomic excitation then displays a non-monotonic, accelerated decay, where a trajectory with
a quenched dissipation relaxes faster than fixed-loss evolution. The effect originates from the
interplay between coherent atom-photon exchange and cavity dissipation, establishing a clear
and experimentally accessible realization of the quantum Pontus-Mpemba effect in both optical
and circuit QED platforms.



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