Observation of erratic non-Hermitian skin localization and transport

Zhong, Jia-Xin; Kim, Jee Woo; Longhi, Stefano ; Jing, Yun
Nature Communications 17, 9979 (1-12) (2026)

Localization is a pervasive phenomenon across physics, shaping transport
from electrons in solids to light and sound in engineered media. In traditional
settings, disorder strongly impedes transport, resulting in dynamical localization or, at best, sub-ballistic or diffusive dynamics. A distinct regime, erratic
non-Hermitian skin localization (ENHSL), can arise in globally reciprocal nonHermitian lattices with disorder. It features macroscopic, disorder-dependent
localization at irregular bulk positions with subexponential decay, linked to
stochastic interfaces governed by the universal order statistics of random
walks. We realize this regime experimentally in an acoustic lattice implementing a disordered Hatano-Nelson chain with imaginary gauge fields. Using
Green’s-function-based spectroscopy together with time-resolved measurements on the same platform, we reconstruct the full complex spectrum and
eigenstates, and directly observe wave-packet dynamics. We observe ballistic
transport despite strong spectral localization. We develop a transport theory
that connects the dominant propagation site to the maximal random-walk
excursion within an expanding light cone and predicts a universal Lévy-arcsine
statistics, in quantitative agreement with experiment. Our results decouple
eigenstate localization from transport and establish ENHSL as a new paradigm
for wave dynamics.



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